Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) including programmed-death cell-1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) re-activate T lymphocytes and promote cancer cell death. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are common in cancer patients receiving ICIs. Endocrine irAEs include primary thyroid dysfunction, hypophysitis, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and primary adrenal insufficiency. These endocrinopathies may require a...